Winter solstice, or the shortest day on the Earth is observed every year on December 21 or 22 22 mostly in countries, like the UK, US, India, Russia, China, and Canada, where the winter season is prominently visible with heavy snowfall.
The day is marked as the shortest in Earth's Northern Hemisphere, while the longest in the Southern Hemisphere and called Summer Solstice.
It is an astronomical event when the Earth's axis tilt with respect to the Sun. The winter solstice occurs when the Earth’s north pole points directly away from the sun around 09:28 PM IST. The estimated time of Winter solstice sunrise is 7:10 am and sunset at 5:29 pm.
What is Winter solstice?
Winter solstice is an astronomical phenomenon that happens when the Earth's axial tilt reaches an optimum position, where the Northern Hemisphere is the farthest from the Sun. The Northern Hemisphere experiences the shortest day of the year on this day or the longest night as some might say.
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The same phenomenon takes place on June 23 in the Southern Hemisphere.
- The word 'solstice' is derived from the Latin word 'solstitium', meaning 'sun stands still'.
- The fact that Earth rotates on a titled axis is the reason behind winter and summer solstices -- the changing length of daylight hours throughout the year.
- The day and the time of the solstice vary every year.
Reason behind Earth's tilted rotation
Though scientists are not sure of the reason why Earth rotates on a titled axis, according to them, it is a possibility that billions of years ago due to a violent collision, the tilt in the axis of Earth occurred.This tilt gives different parts of the planet exposure to the sun at different times of the year.
Rituals around the solstice in different cultures
- In Ireland, people come together days before the solstice at Newgrange, a massive 5000-year-old gravesite, to see the sunrise light up the ancient passage tomb.
- The Chinese call it the Winter Solstice -- Dongzhi Festival. The locals meet their folks and enjoy meals together.
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