1. PSLV-C51/Amazonia-1
India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV C51 successfully launched on February 28, 2021 with the main payload -- INPE's Amazônia-1 from Brazil -- and 18 other ride-sharing small satellites.
PSLV-C51 lifted off from the First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, at 10:24 am. Amazonia-1 was injected into its intended orbit after a flight of about 17 minutes 23 seconds.
In the succeeding 1 hour 38 minutes, all the 18 co-passenger satellites were also successfully separated in sequence.
Amazonia-1, the optical earth observation satellite of National Institute for Space Research (INPE), would provide remote sensing data to users for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analysis of diversified agriculture across the Brazilian territory.
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The PSLV-C51/Amazonia-1 was the first dedicated commercial mission of NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), a Government of India company under Department of Space.
With this launch, the total number of customer satellites from foreign countries placed in orbit by PSLV is 342 satellites from 34 countries.
2. Indian student satellites UNITYsat and Satish Dhawan SAT (SDSAT)
The PSLV-C51 launch vehicle successfully launched Indian student satellites UNITYsat and Satish Dhawan SAT (SDSAT) on February 28, 2021.
UNITYsat was developed by Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Sriperumbudur (JITsat), GH Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur (GHRCEsat) and Sri Shakti Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore (Sri Shakthi Sat).
Satish Dhawan SAT (SDSAT) was built by Space Kidz India.
3. GSLV-F10/Gisat-1 (renamed to EOS-3): Failed mission
The GSLV-F10 launch took place on August 12, 2021, intending to put the geoimaging satellite GISAT-1 (renamed to earth observation satellite EOS-3) into orbit.
This was supposed to be India’s first state-of-art, earth observation satellite which would have been placed in a geo-synchronous orbit around the earth.
EOS-3 was supposed to provide real-time imaging of large areas of the earth, monitor natural disasters and provide warnings for the same, and observe cyclones, cloudbursts, thunderclouds, etc.
However, even though the first and second stages were normal, a technical anomaly prevented the Cryogenic Upper Stage ignition and the mission couldn't be accomplished as intended.
Upcoming plans for ISRO
1. Now that 2021 is coming to an end, the next ISRO achievements and targets in the line are Chandrayaan 3, the successor to the Chandrayaan 2 mission, which will attempt a soft landing on the moon, most likely in the third quarter of 2022. A lunar lander and a rover will go on the mission. The total cost of the mission will be over Rs 600 crores.
2. Radar imaging satellite RISAT-1A (EOS-4) will be launched by ISRO using PSLV around January 6, 2022. It will carry out terrain mapping and analyse the land, ocean and water surfaces for soul moisture.
3. Gaganyaan, India’s first human spaceflight mission, is expected in 2023. The spacecraft jointly made by ISRO and HAL will carry three Indian astronauts to the low earth orbit (of 2000 km or less) for a period of five to seven days.
4. In the first quarter of 2022, NSIL plans to launch GSAT-24, a four-tonne class communication Ku-band satellite made by ISRO, into orbit, using an Ariane-5 rocket operated by Arianespace, an European aerospace agency.
The entire satellite capacity for this launch will be leased to Tata Sky for meeting their DTH application needs. GSAT-24 will be owned and operated by NSIL on a commercial basis.
5. Other ISRO launches in the pipeline are Oceansat-3 (EOS-6), set to be launched by PSLV, and Microsat (EOS-2), set to be launched in the first developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).
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