QUESTION OF THE DAY FOR CRACKING IAS 2018" ( G.S PAPER 1)

"QUESTION OF THE DAY FOR CRACKING IAS 2018" ( G.S PAPER 1)

IN THE GANDHIAN PHASE OF NATIONAL MOVEMENT, THE FIRST AND POPULAR MOVEMENT WAS NON COOPERATION. IN THIS CONTEXT EXPLAIN THE CAUSES FOR THE NONCOOPERATION MOVEMENT, STARTED BY GANDHIJI.

* Gandhiji started Non cooperation movement in August 1st 1920, Non cooperation means no cooperation to the Britishers in the administration. There were 4 causes responsible for the starting of Non cooperation movement by Gandhiji.

* Rowlatt act 1919: This act gave more powers to police, ex: 1) without any warrant the police can arrest anybody. 2) The arrested person can be detained any longer period without presenting in the court. Many innocents also became victims under this act, so Gandhi asked to repeal this act.

2) Jallian walabagaha massacre 1919: in April 13, 1919. 20000 people were conducted a meeting in Jallian walabagaha garden for protesting against the arrest of two local leaders Dr. Satyapal and Saiffuddin kitchleu.
The Punjab lieutenant governor Michael o dyer imposed marshal law in Punjab, so general brigadier Colonel Reginald Dyer gave firing orders to officers on unarmed people. 1000 people were died in the spot.

3) Montague Chelmsford reforms 1919: according to this act,  dyarchy was introduced in the proviences. So departments were divided into transferred subjects ( under the Indian representatives) and reserved subjects( Under the British representative). Indian representatives were called as ministers,  they were responsible to concerned legislature where as British representatives were called as councilors, they were responsible to governors.this was discrimination b/w ministers and councilors.

4) Khalifa issue: in the first world war khalifa (ruler of Turkey, Islam religious head of the world) supported to Germany which was beaten by Britain group so Britain occupied the turkey and  Sultan was prisoned.

* Gandhiji put 4 demands infront of Govt.
• To repeal the rowlatt act
• Punish Michael o dyer who was responsible for Jallian walabagaha massacre.
• To come up with a new system instead of 1919 Act.
• Save Turkey and Khalifa

* Government not responded to these demands so Gandhi started Non cooperation movement in August 1st 1920.

* I'll continue tomorrow...   All the best...... Thankyou.......